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Click on a numbered or lettered box below to show list of keywords and terms.
S-Curve
(Context: General)
Definition
Graphic display of cumulative costs, labor hours, or other quantities, plotted against time. The name derives from the S-like shape of the curve (flatter at the beginning and end, steeper in the middle) produced on a project that starts slowly, accelerates, and then tails off.
Scalability
(Context: )
Definition
The ability to expand as higher and higher volumes occur due to high volume operations with a parallel engine.
Scale-out server solution
(Context: )
Definition
From an application standpoint (e.g., email), the scale-out solution increases resources to the application by adding servers to the cluster of real or virtual servers. The addition of servers increases the number of operating systems supporting the solution.
Scale-up server solution
(Context: )
Definition
- From an application perspective, a scale-up solution is one that permits the adding of more resources to the application by adding resources from within a single platform and without increasing the number of operating systems used in supporting the application.
- For the consolidation of multiple applications, the scale-up solutions will provide the ability to add resources to more than one application from within the platform without increasing the number of operating systems used in supporting the application.
Schedule Compression
(Context: )
Definition
Shortening the project schedule duration without reducing the project scope.
PMBOK
Schedule Development
(Context: General)
Definition
The process of analyzing schedule activity sequences, schedule activity durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule.
PMBOK
Schedule Network Analysis
(Context: General)
Definition
The technique of identifying early and late start dates, as well as early and late finish dates, for the uncompleted portions of project schedule activities. See also Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique, and Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique.
PMBOK
Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
(Context: General)
Definition
The measure of schedule efficiency on a project. IT is the ratio of earned value (EV) to planned value (PV). The SPI = EV divided by PV. An SPI equal to or greater than one indicates a favorable condition and a value of less than one indicates an unfavorable condition.
PMBOK
Schedule Variance (SV)
(Context: General)
Definition
A measure of schedule performance on a project. It is the algebraic difference between the earned value (EV) and the planned value (PV). SV = EV minus PV.
PMBOK
Scope
(Context: General)
Definition
The sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project. (PMBOK 3RD EDITION)
Scope Change
(Context: General)
Definition
Any change to the project scope. A scope change almost always requires an adjustment to the project cost or schedule.
PMBOK
Scope Creep
(Context: General)
Definition
Adding features and functionality (project scope) without addressing the effects on time, costs, and resources, or without customer approval.
PMBOK
Scope Definition
(Context: General)
Definition
The process of developing a detailed project scope statement as the basis for future project decisions.
PMBOK
Scope Planning
(Context: General)
Definition
The process of creating a project scope management plan.
PMBOK
Scope Statement
(Context: )
Definition
A document capturing the sum of products and services to be provided as a project. The Scope Statement is part of the Project Plan.
Scope Verification
(Context: General)
Definition
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables.
PMBOK
Script
(Context: Software)
Definition
A configuration file that lets users run or execute certain actions.
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/Event-Log-Management.pdf
Search Sitemap
(Context: General)
Definition
A specific XML file format used by the state-wide search feature, the agency wide search feature and public Web sites. The search sitemap XML file is utilized by search engines to index content on your website, especially dynamically generated content. The sitemap XML schema standard is located on the WATG site.
Secrets Management
(Context: Security, Software, Technology Management)
Definition
Secrets Management: A secrets management system helps to securely encrypt, store, and retrieve credentials for your databases and other services. Instead of hardcoding credentials within application code or environments, a secrets management system will retrieve your credentials whenever needed. A secrets management system helps protect access to IT resources and data by decoupling rotation and management of secrets.
Secure
(Context: General)
Definition
A state that provides adequate protection of information systems and data against compromise, commensurate with sensitivity and risk.
Secure Digital (SD)
(Context: General)
Definition
A tiny memory card used to make storage portable among various devices, such as car navigation systems, cellular phones, eBooks, PDAs, smartphones, digital cameras, music players, camcorders, and personal computers. An SD card features a high data transfer rate and low battery consumption, both primary considerations for portable devices. It uses flash memory to provide nonvolatile storage, which means that a power source is not required to retain stored data. An SD card is about the size of a postage stamp and weighs approximately two grams. It is similar in size to a MultiMediaCard (MMC), but smaller than older memory card types such as the SmartMedia card and the CompactFlash card. Both MMC and SD cards provide encryption capabilities for protected content to ensure secure distribution of copyrighted material, such as digital music, video, and eBooks, but SD cards are available with storage capacities as high as 128MB, with a 512MB SD card expected to be available by late 2002. SD cards are more rugged than traditional storage media. They have an operating shock rating (basically, the height you can drop them from and still have them work) of 2,000 Gs, compared to a 100-200 G rating for the mechanical drive of the typical portable computing device. This translates to a drop to the floor from 10 feet, as compared to a single foot for the mechanical disk drive. Both MMC and SD cards use metal connector contacts, instead of the traditional pins-and-plugs, so they aren't as prone to damage during handling. The SD card was jointly developed by Matsushita, SanDisk, and Toshiba.
Security Information & Event Management (SIEM)
(Context: Information Systems Security)
Definition
A software solution that aggregates and analyzes activity from disparate data sources from across an IT infrastructure. It provides real-time analysis of security alerts generated by applications and network hardware.
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/Event-Log-Management.pdf
Security Operations Center (SOC)
(Context: Information Systems Security)
Definition
A centralized function within an organization employing people, processes, and technology to continuously monitor and improve an organization's security posture while preventing, detecting, analyzing, and responding to cybersecurity incidents.
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/Event-Log-Management.pdf
Security Service
(Context: General)
Definition
Compared to monolithic environments, distributed systems create new challenges for the implementation of security. Integrated systems must provide authentication, auditing, authorization, and encryption services that allow a client to conduct a secure communication with a server.
Security, Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR)
(Context: Information Systems Security)
Definition
A stack of capabilities that enable an organization to collect data about security threats and respond to security events without human assistance. The goal of using a SOAR platform is to improve the efficiency of physical and digital security operations through security orchestration, security automation, and security response. Security orchestration connects and integrates with monitoring tools in the environment, such as vulnerability scanners, endpoint protection products, end-user behavior analytics, firewalls, intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems (IDSes/IPSes), and external threat intelligence feeds. Security automation consumes the data from the orchestrated systems to automatically conduct vulnerability scanning and log analysis. Security response is a set of actions that are carried out once a threat is detected based on an incident playbook.
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/Event-Log-Management.pdf
Segment
(Context: General)
Definition
1) verb, to isolate traffic on a LAN;
2) noun, the LAN devices and media isolated.
Semantic Markup
(Context: Software)
Definition
The use of a markup language such as HTML to convey information about the meaning of each element in a document through proper selection of markup elements, and to maintain complete separation between the markup and the visual presentation of the elements contained in the document.
Sensitive
(Context: )
Definition
Information systems and data are sensitive in direct proportion to the materiality of the adverse effect caused by their compromise.
Sensitive as to Availability
(Context: Information Systems Security)
Definition
Application distinction in the CSRM Archer application that includes a calculated monetary value based on data sets and/or business processes.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Sensitive as to Integrity
(Context: Information Systems Security)
Definition
A data classification in the CSRM Archer application pertaining to the risk of unauthorized modification or destruction of managed system data and the resulting impact to business processes and/or individuals.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Sensitive Data
(Context: General)
Definition
Any data of which the compromise with respect to confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability could adversely affect COV interests, the conduct of Agency programs, or the privacy to which individuals are entitled.
Sensitive IT Systems
(Context: General)
Definition
COV IT systems that store, process, or transmit sensitive data.
Sensitive Personally Identifiable Information (SPII)
(Context: )
Definition
Personally Identifiable Information which if lost, compromised, or disclosed without authorization, could result in substantial harm, embarrassment, inconvenience, or unfairness to an individual.
SPII requires stricter handling guidelines because of the increased risk to an individual if the data is inappropriately accessed or compromised. Some categories of PII are sensitive as stand-alone data elements, including your Social Security number (SSN) and driver’s license or state identification number. Other data elements such as citizenship or immigration status, medical information, ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, or lifestyle information, in conjunction with the identity of an individual (directly or indirectly inferred), are also SPII.
Sensitivity
(Context: )
Definition
A measurement of adverse affect on COV interests, the conduct of agency programs, and/or the privacy to which individuals are entitled that compromise information systems and data with respect to confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability could cause. Information systems and data are sensitive in direct proportion to the materiality of the adverse effect caused by their compromise.
Sensitivity Classification
(Context: General)
Definition
The process of determining whether and to what degree information systems and data are sensitive.
Separation of Duties
(Context: General)
Definition
Assignment of responsibilities such that no one individual or function has control of an entire process. It is a technique for maintaining and monitoring accountability and responsibility for information systems and data.
Server
(Context: General)
Definition
Context: (Hardware). A computer that provides some service for other computers connected to it via a network.
Context: (Software). In general, a server is a computer program that provides services to other computer programs in the same or other computers. The computer that a server program runs in is also frequently referred to as a server (though it may contain a number of server and client programs). In the client/server programming model, a server is a program that awaits and fulfills requests from client programs in the same or other computers. A given application in a computer may function as a client with requests for services from other programs and also as a server of requests from other programs. Specific to the Web, a Web server is the computer program (housed in a computer) that serves requested HTML pages or files. A Web client is the requesting program associated with the user. The Web browser in your computer is a client that requests HTML files from Web servers.
Server Backups
(Context: Software, Technology Management)
Definition
Server backups are backups of storage/data attached to servers. Server backups are created daily by the backup system for operational recovery as part of the COV data protection service.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Server Data
(Context: Software, Technology Management)
Definition
Server backups are taken daily for operational recovery. They can be used to recover server OS and application components in case of a data loss event. Server backups are data agnostic and all types of data on the server are treated the same. It is possible to recover a file from a backup but not possible to delete a file from a backup. Server backups should be retained for sufficient time the minimum time required for operational recovery.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Service Networking Architecture (SNA)
(Context: General)
Definition
IBM's SNA provides a structure for transferring data between a variety of computing platforms.
Service Offerings and Support Center (SOSC)
(Context: General)
Definition
The state SOSC is maintained and operated by the Virginia Information Technologies Agency (VITA). The SOSC provides people, processes, and resources to ensure enterprise efficiencies and help agencies meet business and technical needs.
Service Providers and Consumers
(Context: General)
Definition
In general, entities (people and organizations) offer capabilities and act as service providers. Those with needs who make use of services are referred to as service consumers.
Service-Component Reference Model (SRM)
(Context: General)
Definition
Service component-based framework that can provide—independent of business function—a “leverage-able” foundation for reuse of applications, application capabilities, components, and business services.
Service-Oriented Architecture
(Context: General)
Definition
An architectural approach that presents a set of reusable software components that align with the agency’s business goals and the Commonwealth’s strategic objectives. The services are highly cohesive, loosely coupled, discoverable software components that are decoupled from hardware and network dependencies and that encapsulate the complexities of the underlying implementation.
Services
(Context: General)
Definition
Any activities performed by an independent contractor wherein the service rendered does not consist primarily of acquisition of equipment or materials, or the rental of equipment, materials and supplies (Code of Virginia, § 2.2-4301).
Session
(Context: General)
Definition
A series of interactions between two communication end points (typically a client and a server) that occur during the span of a single connection.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
(Context: General)
Definition
A signaling protocol developed by the IETF. The SIP protocol has not yet been ratified as a standard. SIP is primarily used for voice over IP (VoIP) calls but also may be used for other communications including video, instant messaging, and gaming. SIP is a text-based protocol that is based on HTTP and MIME. SIP is used as one part of a protocol stack that is intended to provide seamless, continuous, end-to-end communications similar to what is provided by the PSTN. SIP is responsible for setting up and taking down the connection. SIP also provides services such as dialing a number, causing a phone to ring, and providing ring back tones or busy signals. SIP is included as part of the IMS subsystem.
Session State
(Context: General, Software)
Definition
Session State: The persistence of data associated with a specific user's interaction with a web application across multiple HTTP requests, allowing for a more dynamic and personalized experience.
Shared Accounts
(Context: General)
Definition
A logon ID or account utilized by more than one entity.
Shared Utility Service
(Context: General)
Definition
In this report, the term is used to connote a function or activity typically provided by an IT unit, which may be separated from IT work requiring business knowledge, and which may be provided by a central enterprise service (in-sourced) or by an external business (outsourced). An example would be web site hosting. You can provide hosting and WC3 accessibility levels without knowing the business of the agency or understanding the content of the website.
Simple Access Object Protocol (SOAP)
(Context: General)
Definition
A minimal set of conventions for invoking code using XML over HTTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
(Context: General)
Definition
Documented in RFC 821, SMTP is Internet's standard host-to-host mail transport protocol.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
(Context: Enterprise Architecture, General)
Definition
General: The Internet standard protocol, defined in STD 15, RFC 1157, developed to manage nodes on an IP network. It is a simple and expandable protocol designed to give the capability to remotely manage a computer network by polling, setting terminal values, and monitoring network events. It is comprised of three elements, an MIB, a manager, and the agents. The manager is located on the host computer on the network. Its role is to poll the agents and request information concerning the networks status. Agents run off each network node and collect network and terminal information as specified in the MIB.
Enterprise Architecture: Exposes network data in the form of variables on the managed systems organized in a management information base (MIB), which describe the system status and configuration. These variables can then be remotely queried by managing applications.
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/Event-Log-Management.pdf
Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT)
(Context: General)
Definition
A processor design that combines hardware multithreading with superscalar processor technology to allow multiple threads to issue instructions each cycle. Unlike other hardware multithreaded architectures (such as the Tera MTA), in which only a single hardware context (i.e., thread) is active on any given cycle, SMT permits all thread contexts to simultaneously compete for and share processor resources. Unlike conventional superscalar processors, which suffer from a lack of per-thread instruction-level parallelism, simultaneous multithreading uses multiple threads to compensate for low single-thread ILP. The performance consequence is significantly higher instruction throughput and program speedups on a variety of workloads that include commercial databases, web servers and scientific applications in both multiprogrammed and parallel environments. (http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/smt/index.htm )
Slack
(Context: General)
Definition
Term used in PERT or arrow diagramming method for float.
PMBOK
Slippage
(Context: General)
Definition
The tendency of a project to exceed original estimates of budget and time.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
(Context: General)
Definition
Small Computer System Interface
Smart Device
(Context: Enterprise Architecture, General, Hardware)
Definition
General: An electronic device, generally connected to other devices or networks via different wireless protocols such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, NFC, Wi-Fi, LiFi, 5G, etc., that can operate to some extent interactively and autonomously. Several notable types of smart devices are smartphones, smart vehicles, smart thermostats, smart doorbells, smart locks, smart refrigerators, phablets and tablets, laptops, smartwatches, smart bands, smart key chains, and others. The term can also refer to a device that exhibits some properties of ubiquitous computing, including—although not necessarily—artificial intelligence. Smart devices can be designed to support a variety of form factors, a range of properties pertaining to ubiquitous computing and to be used in three main system environments: physical world, human-centered environments and distributed computing environments.
Hardware: An electronic device capable of connecting to a network, or to other devices, via wireless communication protocols, and which can operate interactively and autonomously to some extent. It includes devices that exhibit some properties of ubiquitous computing, such as artificial intelligence. Smart devices support a variety of form factors, a range of properties pertaining to ubiquitous computing and to be used in three main system environments: physical world, human-centered environments, and distributed computing environments. Several notable types of smart devices are: Laptops; Smartphones; Tablets & Phablets; Smartwatches; and Smart vehicles.
Enterprise Architecture: An electronic device capable of connecting to a network, or to other devices, via wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 4G, or 5G, and which can operate interactively and autonomously to some extent. It includes devices that exhibit some properties of ubiquitous computing, such as artificial intelligence.
General: Wikipedia
Hardware: EA-Solutions-Web-Systems-Standard.pdf
Enterprise Architecture: https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/Event-Log-Management.pdf
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/EA-Smart-Device-Use.pdf
Smartcard, also known as Smart Card
(Context: General)
Definition
A small electronic device about the size of a credit card that contains electronic memory, and possibly an embedded integrated circuit (IC). Smart cards containing an IC are sometimes called Integrated Circuit Cards (ICCs). Smart cards are used for a variety of purposes, including:
- Storing a patient's medical records
- Storing digital cash
- Generating network IDs (similar to a token)
To use a smart card, either to pull information from it or add data to it, you need a smart card reader, a small device into which you insert the smart card.
SmartMedia
(Context: General)
Definition
A card (originally called a solid-state floppy disk card, or SSFDC) is a memory card developed by Toshiba that uses flash memory to store data and to make it portable among devices, such as digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other handheld devices. At 45 X 37 mm and less than 1 mm thick (about as big as a matchbook), SmartMedia is similar in size to the CompactFlash card (although significantly thinner), but larger than the newer, postage-stamp-sized alternatives, MultiMediaCard and Secure Digital (SD card). SmartMedia cards are available with storage capacities ranging up to 128MB, with higher capacities corresponding to higher prices. Unlike CompactFlash, SmartMedia doesn't have an on-board controller. Compliant devices have a controller built into the units' slots. The main advantage that SmartMedia cards have over the other memory cards is that because they read, write, and erase memory in small blocks of data (256 or 512 bytes at a time), you can more precisely select what data you want to save. However, SmartMedia cards aren't as sturdy as the other formats, and so require more careful handling and storage.
Smartphone
(Context: Hardware, Technology Management)
Definition
A class of smart devices that combines cellular and mobile computing functions into one unit. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet (including web browsing over mobile broadband), and multimedia functionality (including music, video, cameras, and gaming), alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically contain a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips, include various sensors that can be leveraged by pre-included and third-party software (such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope, accelerometer and more), and support wireless communications protocols such as: Bluetooth; Wi-Fi; or satellite navigation.
https://www.vita.virginia.gov/media/vitavirginiagov/it-governance/ea/pdf/EA-Smart-Device-Use.pdf
Snapshot
(Context: General)
Definition
A backup facility provided by several companies. For example:
1) A function of Tivoli Storage Management (TSM) that backs up the entire TSM database to media that can be taken off-site. The database snapshot does not interrupt any database backup series and cannot have incremental database backups associated with it. (Tivoli.com)
2) SNAZ InstaView™ is an optional Snapshot Software available with SNAZ SVA. SNAZ InstaView provides point-in-time volume imaging and presents a virtually unlimited number of views of the data. Each view can be individually allocated, on a read only or read/write basis, to any server. Data replication and data rollback are also offered as part of SNAZ InstaView functionality. Key benefits of SVA InstaView include:
- Backup and operations can be completed in the background while volumes remain on-line
- Multiple views can be created and accessed simultaneously without copying data.
There is no need to replicate data for each view, saving significant amount of storage and improving performance
- Ability to maintain several versions of data
- Ability to run several applications in parallel, using the same data
- Ability to create a view of the data at any specific time for later use (www.snia.org)
SOA Steering Committee
(Context: )
Definition
This entity provides the strategy and leadership to approve recommended Tier One services for enterprise use and ensure they are implemented in ways to achieve targeted benefits
SOA Technical Advisory Group (SOA TAG)
(Context: )
Definition
This entity recommends and ensures services are and remain Tier One compliant.
SOA-based Services
(Context: General)
Definition
Modular, swappable function, separate from, yet connected to an application via well defined interfaces to provide agility. Often referred to as ‘services’ throughout this document, they:
Perform granular business functions such as “get customer address” or larger ones such as ‘process payment.
- Are loosely coupled to a new or existing application.
- Have the capability to perform the steps, tasks, and activities of one or more business processes.
- Can be combined to perform a set of functions - referred to as ‘service orchestration.
Social media
(Context: General)
Definition
Though many definitions exist, it is consistently characterized as the collection of Web tools that facilitate collaboration and information sharing. Web-based communities and hosted services include social-networking sites, video, and photo sharing sites, wikis, blogs, virtual worlds, and other emerging technologies.
The Virginia Department of Human Resource Management (DHRM) defines social media as a “(f)orm of online communication or publication that allows for multi- directional interaction. Social media includes blogs, wikis, podcasts, social networks, photograph and video hosting websites, crowdsourcing and new technologies as they evolve.
Sockets
(Context: General)
Definition
Virtual connections between processes. They can be of two types, stream (bi-directional) or datagram (fixed-length destination-addressed messages). The socket library function socket() creates a communications end-point or socket and returns a file descriptor with which to access that socket. The socket has associated with it a socket address, consisting of a port number and the local host's network address.
Software
(Context: General)
Definition
A general term that refers to all programs or instructions that are used to operate computer hardware. Software causes computer hardware to perform activities by telling a computer how to execute functions and tasks.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
(Context: General, Software)
Definition
The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Software Composition Analysis
(Context: Software)
Definition
Analysis of open-source libraries included in applications for security flaws and vulnerabilities.
Software Developer's Kit (SDK)
(Context: General)
Definition
Software Developer’s Kit; Software Development Kit
Sole Source
(Context: General)
Definition
A product or service which is practicably available only from one source. (DGS – APSPM)
Source code auditing
(Context: General)
Definition
A software (source) code audit is a comprehensive analysis of source code in a programming project with the intent of discovering bugs, security breaches or violations of programming conventions. It is an integral part of the defensive programming paradigm, which attempts to reduce errors before the software is released.
Spam
(Context: )
Definition
Unsolicited and unwanted junk email sent out in bulk to an indiscriminate recipient list. Typically, spam is sent for commercial purposes. It can be sent in massive volume by botnets, networks of infected computers.
Specification Documents
(Context: General)
Definition
Documents that provide specific information about the project deliverable characteristics.
Speed Index
(Context: General, Software)
Definition
A measure of how quickly content is visually displayed during page load on a web system.
Split tunneling
(Context: General)
Definition
Routing organization-specific traffic through the VPN tunnel, but other traffic uses the remote user's default gateway.
Spy-ware
(Context: General)
Definition
A category of malicious software designed to intercept or take partial control of a computer's operation without the informed consent of that machine's owner or legitimate user. While the term taken literally suggests software that surreptitiously monitors the user, it has come to refer more broadly to software that subverts the computer's operation for the benefit of a third party.
Stakeholder
(Context: General)
Definition
Persons and organizations such as customers, sponsors, performing organization and the public, that are actively involved in the project, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by execution or completion of the project.
PMBOK
Standard Generalized markup Language
(Context: General)
Definition
HTML and XML are subsets of SGML.
Standards
(Context: General)
Definition
Are specific and, where applicable, technical documents containing directives and mandatory specifications governing the management, development, and use of information technology resources. (COV ITRM STANDARD GOV2000-01.1)
Standards Development Organization (SDO)
(Context: )
Definition
Context: (Health IT Standard). A domestic or international organization that plans, develops, establishes or coordinates voluntary consensus standards using procedures that incorporate the attributes of openness, balance of interests, due process, an appeals process and consensus in a manner consistent with the Office of Management and Budget Circular Number A–119, as revised February 10, 1998. (Article I, Public Law 108–237).
State
(Context: General)
Definition
See Commonwealth of Virginia (COV).
State agency or agency
(Context: General)
Definition
Any agency, institution, board, bureau, commission, council, or instrumentality of state government in the executive branch listed in the appropriation act.
State SOA Backplane
(Context: General)
Definition
Shared, common infrastructure for lifecycle management such as a services registry, policies, business analytics; routing/addressing, quality of service, communication; development tools for security, management, and adapters.
Statement of Work
(Context: General)
Definition
A narrative description of products, services or results to be supplied.
PMBOK
Static Security Analysis Testing
(Context: Security, Software)
Definition
Analysis of application code for security flaws and vulnerabilities without execution of that code.
Status Reports
(Context: General)
Definition
A report containing information on a specific project, indicating if the project is ahead of schedule, on schedule, or behind schedule in relation to the project plan.
Storage
(Context: General)
Definition
The holding of data in an electromagnetic form for access by a computer processor. Primary storage is data in random access memory (RAM) and other “built-in” devices. Secondary storage is data on hard disks, tapes, and other external devices.
Storage Area Nework
(Context: General)
Definition
A storage model typically characterized by a use of switching and transmission facilities that are separate from the local area network where the server of data to be stored and retrieved resides. As IP and Ethernet protocols become used in SANs, the model and/or name may change.
Store and Forward
(Context: )
Definition
A term used in message processing where a message is saved and then delivered.
Strategic Business Plan
(Context: )
Definition
A plan developed by an agency that sets clearly defined objectives, strategies, and actions for achieving agency and Commonwealth long term goals and initiatives.
Structured Data (Databases)
(Context: Software, Technology Management)
Definition
Data is organized and stored in specific formats by the Database System. The server backup contains a copy of the source database files but they are not directly usable except by the database system and may not be transaction consistent. In addition to the server backups, databases need to be backed up using the database software. Scheduling and retention of database backups should be controlled by Database Administrators based on the type of data, agency requirements and the reason for the backup.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Structured Query language (SQL)
(Context: General)
Definition
An industry-standard language for creating, updating, and querying relational database management systems.
Structured Transaction Definition Language (STDL)
(Context: General)
Definition
A high-level language for developing portable and modular transaction processing applications in a multi-vendor environment.
Successor Activity
(Context: General)
Definition
The schedule activity that follows a predecessor activity, as determined by their logical relationship.
PMBOK
Support for Standard Management Platforms
(Context: )
Definition
Management of large-scale distributed application environments requires appropriate tools. These tools should be based on standards (e.g., SNMP), so that the management of applications can be integrated with popular management platforms like OpenView in order to provide a consolidated picture of the state of network, operating system and application components.
Switch
(Context: General)
Definition
1) noun, a circuit switching hub. Network device that filters, forwards, and floods frames based on the destination address of each frame. The switch operates at the data link layer of the OSI model. A fabric switch may have significant management and security functionality in addition to switching protocol choices. (modified Cisco definition).
2) verb, A communications paradigm in which a dedicated communication path is established between the sender and receiver along which all packets travel. The telephone system is an example of a circuit switched network. Also called connection-oriented.
Symmetrix Remote Data Facility (SRDF)
(Context: Data Center Facility, Software)
Definition
A replication product which can be used to replicate the data from one array to second array. Primary use is for business continuity/disaster recovery.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
Synchronous
(Context: General)
Definition
An IBM/SNA communications protocol. HDLC, high-level data link control was derived using SDLC. SDLC manages synchronous (i.e., uses timing bit), code-transparent, bit-serial communication which can be duplex or half-duplex; switched or non-switched; point-to- point, multipoint, or loop.
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
(Context: General)
Definition
An IBM/SNA communications protocol. HDLC, high-level data link control was derived using SDLC. SDLC manages synchronous (i.e., uses timing bit), code-transparent, bit-serial communication which can be duplex or half-duplex; switched or non-switched; point-to- point, multipoint, or loop.
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
(Context: General)
Definition
1) A new and growing body of standards that define all aspects of transporting and managing digital traffic over fiber-optic facilities in the public network.
2) A network communication technology offering fiber optic transmission system for high- speed digital traffic.
Synchronous/Connection Oriented Communication
(Context: )
Definition
The implementation of a request/reply model for communication, i.e. the client program transfers data and control to the server with each call and it is blocked until a reply is returned.
Synthetic Full Backup
(Context: Software)
Definition
A type of subsequent full backup that makes a comparison to the previously backed up data on the storage and uploads only the current changes from the backup source. Synthetic full backup helps to reduce the amount of data uploaded and accelerates a full backup creation.
EA-Solution-Data-Availability-Requirements.pdf (virginia.gov)
System
(Context: Technology Management)
Definition
A discrete set of resources organized for the collection, processing, maintenance, use, sharing, dissemination, or disposition of information.
system - Glossary | CSRC (nist.gov)
NIST SP 800-34 Rev. 1 under Information System from 44 U.S.C., Sec. 3502
COV ITRM Glossary › A › Application System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › C › COV Web System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › D › Database Management System (DBMS) | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › D › Design System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › E › External Information System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › I › Information Technology (IT) System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › I › Information System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › I › Internal IT System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › O › Open System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › P › Platform Web System | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › T › Trusted System or Network | Virginia IT Agency
COV ITRM Glossary › W › Web System | Virginia IT Agency
System Administrator
(Context: General)
Definition
An analyst, engineer, or consultant who implements, manages, and/or operates a system at the direction of the System Owner, Data Owner, and/or Data Custodian.
System Image
(Context: General)
Definition
The current contents of memory, which includes the operating system and running programs. For effective management, a cluster of computer systems may be organized as a single system image, in which all systems appear as one. See virtual server and Sysplex.
System Owner
(Context: General, Information Systems Security)
Definition
General Context Definition: An agency Manager, designated by the Agency Head or Information Security Officer, who is responsible for the operation and maintenance of an agency IT system.
Specific Context Definition: The System Owner is the agency business manager responsible for having an IT system operated and maintained. With respect to IT security, the System Owner’s responsibilities include the following:
1. Require that the IT system users complete any system unique security training prior to, or as soon as practicable after, receiving access to the system, and no less than annually, thereafter.
2. Manage system risk and developing any additional information security policies and procedures required to protect the system in a manner commensurate with risk.
3. Maintain compliance with COV Information Security policies and standards in all IT system activities.
4. Maintain compliance with requirements specified by Data Owners for the handling of data processed by the system.
5. Designate a System Administrator for the system.General Context Definition: https://www.odga.virginia.gov/media/governorvirginiagov/chief-data-officer/images/Data-Governance-RACI-Template.xlsx
Specific Context Definition: SEC530 (p13 of 271) - SEC530_Information_Security_Standard.pdf
Systems Networking Architecture (SNA)
(Context: )
Definition
IBM's SNA provides a structure for transferring data between a variety of computing platforms.